# Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine laureates of the 1990s

Every Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine laureate between 1990 and 1999, with the year and the Nobel Foundation's official citation. Which discovery do you think mattered most?

- 74 votes · 20 items
- Jan 10, 2022 · K. Rao
- https://even.best/en/l/1236/nobel-prize-in-physiology-or-medicine-laureates-of-the-1990s

## Top 20

1. **Joseph E. Murray** (11 · ▲11 ▼0) — 1990. For their discoveries concerning organ and cell transplantation in the treatment of human disease.
2. **Edwin G. Krebs** (5 · ▲5 ▼0) — 1992. For their discoveries concerning reversible protein phosphorylation as a biological regulatory mechanism.
3. **Edmond H. Fischer** (4 · ▲5 ▼1) — 1992. For their discoveries concerning reversible protein phosphorylation as a biological regulatory mechanism.
4. **Eric F. Wieschaus** (4 · ▲4 ▼0) — 1995. For their discoveries concerning the genetic control of early embryonic development.
5. **Erwin Neher** (3 · ▲6 ▼3) — 1991. For their discoveries concerning the function of single ion channels in cells.
6. **Bert Sakmann** (3 · ▲5 ▼2) — 1991. For their discoveries concerning the function of single ion channels in cells.
7. **E. Donnall Thomas** (3 · ▲3 ▼0) — 1990. For their discoveries concerning organ and cell transplantation in the treatment of human disease.
8. **Richard J. Roberts** (3 · ▲3 ▼0) — 1993. For their discoveries of split genes.
9. **Rolf M. Zinkernagel** (3 · ▲3 ▼0) — 1996. For their discoveries concerning the specificity of the cell mediated immune defence.
10. **Edward B. Lewis** (2 · ▲3 ▼1) — 1995. For their discoveries concerning the genetic control of early embryonic development.
11. **Phillip A. Sharp** (2 · ▲2 ▼0) — 1993. For their discoveries of split genes.
12. **Alfred G. Gilman** (2 · ▲2 ▼0) — 1994. For their discovery of G-proteins and the role of these proteins in signal transduction in cells.
13. **Peter C. Doherty** (2 · ▲2 ▼0) — 1996. For their discoveries concerning the specificity of the cell mediated immune defence.
14. **Stanley B. Prusiner** (2 · ▲2 ▼0) — 1997. For his discovery of Prions - a new biological principle of infection.
15. **Günter Blobel** (2 · ▲2 ▼0) — 1999. For the discovery that proteins have intrinsic signals that govern their transport and localization in the cell.
16. **Christiane Nüsslein-Volhard** (1 · ▲3 ▼2) — 1995. For their discoveries concerning the genetic control of early embryonic development.
17. **Robert F. Furchgott** (1 · ▲1 ▼0) — 1998. For their discoveries concerning nitric oxide as a signalling molecule in the cardiovascular system.
18. **Louis J. Ignarro** (1 · ▲1 ▼0) — 1998. For their discoveries concerning nitric oxide as a signalling molecule in the cardiovascular system.
19. **Ferid Murad** (1 · ▲1 ▼0) — 1998. For their discoveries concerning nitric oxide as a signalling molecule in the cardiovascular system.
20. **Martin Rodbell** (-1 · ▲0 ▼1) — 1994. For their discovery of G-proteins and the role of these proteins in signal transduction in cells.

How is this ranking ordered? By people's votes: each ▲ adds a point and each ▼ takes one away. Anyone can vote and add what is missing.