# Every Nobel laureate in Physiology or Medicine, 2020–2025

From hepatitis C to the pandemic's mRNA vaccines, from the Neanderthal genome to microRNAs and regulatory T cells: the 13 scientists who won the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in the 2020s, with the citation of the Nobel Assembly at the Karolinska Institutet.

- 13 votes · 13 items
- Sep 13, 2026 · astronomo
- https://even.best/en/l/5506/every-nobel-laureate-in-physiology-or-medicine-2020-2025

## Top 13

1. **Harvey J. Alter (2020)** (1 · ▲1 ▼0) — United States. Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2020 for the discovery of hepatitis C virus.
2. **Michael Houghton (2020)** (1 · ▲1 ▼0) — United Kingdom. Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2020 for the discovery of hepatitis C virus.
3. **Charles M. Rice (2020)** (1 · ▲1 ▼0) — United States. Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2020 for the discovery of hepatitis C virus.
4. **David Julius (2021)** (1 · ▲1 ▼0) — United States. Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2021 for their discoveries of receptors for temperature and touch. Used capsaicin, from chilli peppers, to find the heat receptor.
5. **Ardem Patapoutian (2021)** (1 · ▲1 ▼0) — United States (born in Lebanon). Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2021 for their discoveries of receptors for temperature and touch.
6. **Svante Pääbo (2022)** (1 · ▲1 ▼0) — Sweden. Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2022 for his discoveries concerning the genomes of extinct hominins and human evolution. Sequenced the Neanderthal genome; son of fellow laureate Sune Bergström.
7. **Katalin Karikó (2023)** (1 · ▲1 ▼0) — Hungary/United States. Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2023 for discoveries concerning nucleoside base modifications that enabled effective mRNA vaccines against COVID-19.
8. **Drew Weissman (2023)** (1 · ▲1 ▼0) — United States. Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2023 for discoveries concerning nucleoside base modifications that enabled effective mRNA vaccines against COVID-19.
9. **Victor Ambros (2024)** (1 · ▲1 ▼0) — United States. Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2024 for the discovery of microRNA and its role in gene regulation.
10. **Gary Ruvkun (2024)** (1 · ▲1 ▼0) — United States. Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2024 for the discovery of microRNA and its role in gene regulation.
11. **Mary E. Brunkow (2025)** (1 · ▲1 ▼0) — United States. Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2025 for their discoveries concerning peripheral immune tolerance.
12. **Fred Ramsdell (2025)** (1 · ▲1 ▼0) — United States. Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2025 for their discoveries concerning peripheral immune tolerance.
13. **Shimon Sakaguchi (2025)** (-1 · ▲0 ▼1) — Japan. Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2025 for their discoveries concerning peripheral immune tolerance.

How is this ranking ordered? By people's votes: each ▲ adds a point and each ▼ takes one away. Anyone can vote and add what is missing.